Wireless Sensor Based Smart Grid Management Using Photovoltaic System

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are getting more integrated to our daily lives and smart surroundings as they are being used for health, comfort and safety applications. Smart grid integrates the latest advances in information and communication technologies to contribute to a more reliable and efficient electricity system. Distributed renewable power generators, such as solar cells and wind turbines are difficult to predict, making the demand-supply problem more complex than in the traditional energy production scenario. They also introduce bidirectional energy flows in the low-voltage power grid, possibly causing voltage violations and grid instabilities. In order to enable the demand responsive program which is in the extension of the smart grid, a smart and wireless energy management application plays a key important role. Therefore, in this paper, first the smart demand responsive energy management system under new comprehensive field tests for wireless communication using mesh network based on AODV is proposed. A case study of smart grid-connected buildings that has solar photo-voltaic (PV) panels for distributed electricity generation and batteries for local energy storage is considered. The hardware design and implementation of a multiple nodes mesh network based wireless sensor network is designed which wirelessly connects appliances to the user through the wireless sensor networks. Current sensors used to sense produced current by PV and to sense current consumed by all appliances at every moment and forward this data to control unit instantaneously. In the control unit, a program is developed to receive the data and store in to a database for further processing of energy management by the control unit. Priority is assigned based on battery charge and loads consuming power. The scheme can response to the resident’s command with the economically suggestion and help them shift their non-urgent appliances to the off-peak hours. Therefore, the high peak load is all aviated, the green-house gas emission is reduced, furthermore, through the two-way communication, the utility is able to decide the optimal generation plan to satisfy resident demands, and the total utility cost can be reduced.